Igiciro cyo Gupima Ubutaka: Ibiciro bya DGPS na Total Station Ni Iki Koko
Umuhinzi ushaka ko imbibi z'ubutaka bwe zerekanwa, n'urwego rwa Leta rutwara hegitari 40 kubaka umuyoboro w'amazi, bombi mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga barasaba ikintu kimwe: gupima ubutaka bwafunguwe. Ariko igiciro bahawe gishobora gutandukana kugeza inshuro icumi, kandi ubunini bw'itandukaniro ryo ntacyo rifitanye isano n'imishyikirano.
Aho ni ho urujijo rwinshi rutangirira. Ibiciro byo gupima ubutaka ntibisohorwa cyane, bityo abaguzi bahabwa umubare udafite akamaro cyangwa bibwira ko igipimo cyose gihenda kimwe kuri hegitari imwe. Nta na kimwe muri ibi kiri gukwiye. Hano hakurikira uko urwego rw'ubucuruzi rushyiraho ibiciro nyakuri by'akazi k'ubutaka bwafunguwe.
Total Station na DGPS: Amahame Abiri Atandukanye yo Gukora
Ibikoresho byombi bikoreshwa mu kazi ko gupima DGPS na RTK, ariko bikemura ikibazo cy'ukuri mu buryo butandukanye. Total Station ikora hakurikijwe umurongo w'amaso. Igikoresho na prisme bigomba kubonana mu buryo bugaragara, bityo buri gihe igiti, urukuta, cyangwa ikinamira cy'ubutaka bibuza uwo murongo, umupima agomba guhindura sitasiyo.
DGPS ikora mu buryo butandukanye. Isoma aho iherereye ikoresheje za satelite kandi ivugana na sitasiyo shingiro binyuze kuri radiyo, bityo ntabwo ikeneye umurongo w'amaso ku kindi kintu, ahubwo ikeneye gusa kubona ikirere kigaragara. Ni yo mpamvu DGPS yabaye uburyo busanzwe ku butaka bwafunguwe, bugerwaho mu myaka yashize.
Ikwiye cyane ibibanza bito, bidafite inzitizi aho buri handi hantu haboneka neza uhereye ku bibanza bike byashyizweho. Isaba guhindura sitasiyo kenshi ku butaka budasanzwe cyangwa bufite ibimera.
Uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa ku butaka bwafunguwe, ibibanza by'ubuhinzi, n'akazi ko gupima imbibi za kadasitarale. Nta murongo w'amaso ukenewe, gupima ubuso mu munsi bikora vuba kandi ukuri kugumaho ku butaka bunini, buhoraho.
Birasabwa igihe ubuso burenze hegitari 200, cyangwa igihe ubutaka buri kure koko cyangwa budashoboka kugerwaho n'amaguru. Gupima hakoreshejwe drone bipima ubutaka vuba cyane ugereranyije n'ikindi gipimo cyose kigenzurwa n'amaguru.
Ibiciro byo Gupima Ubutaka Bwafunguwe Hakurikijwe Ubwoko
Igiciro cy'ubutaka bwafunguwe gitangwa mu buryo bubiri hakurikijwe ubunini. Ubuso buto, akenshi burenga hegitari imwe, butangwa igiciro cyose hamwe kuko amafaranga y'ubwikorezi n'igenzura ry'ahantu agomba gusubizwa. Ubuso bunini butangwa igiciro kuri hegitari, igiciro kigenda kigabanuka uko ubuso bwiyongera.
1. Gupima Imbibi cyangwa Kadasitarale
Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwibanze bwo gupima: gupima imbibi z'ikibanza cyangwa ubutaka bw'umuhinzi no kubara ubuso bwose. Ibi bigira uruhare mu gushyiraho igiciro cy'ibisobanuro ku bwoko bubiri bw'ipimwa bikurikira.
| Icyiciro cy'Ubuso | Igiciro kuri Hegitari |
|---|---|
| Kugeza kuri 10 Ha | 34,200 FRw / Ha |
| 10 Ha kugeza 20 Ha | 25,650 FRw / Ha |
| 20 Ha kugeza 50 Ha | 17,100 FRw / Ha |
| 50 Ha kugeza 100 Ha | 13,650 FRw / Ha |
| Hejuru ya 100 Ha | 8,550 FRw / Ha |
Ku bibanza biri munsi ya hegitari imwe, igiciro kuri hegitari ntikigenda. Abapima akenshi basaba amafaranga ntarengwa angana na 171,000 FRw kuri buri gusura ahantu, hakubiyemo ubwikorezi, amafaranga y'urugendo, n'umunsi w'akazi ku murima, bibwira ko ahantu hari mu birometero 50 uvuye aho umupima aherereye. Hejuru ya hegitari 200, gupima hakoreshejwe drone akenshi ni bwo buryo bwiza.
2. Gupima Imisozi cyangwa Urwego
Gupima imisozi byandika ubutumburuke ku kibanza cyose ku murongo washyizweho, atari gusa ku mfuruka z'imbibi, bivuze ko umupima agomba kugenda mu buryo nyabwo mu gice cyose cy'imbere y'ubutaka. Uwo murimo w'inyongera ku murima ugaragazwa mu giciro: hafi inshuro 1.5 kugeza 1.8 z'igiciro cyo gupima imbibi, bikaba hafi 51,500 FRw kuri hegitari mu mimerere isanzwe.
3. Gupima Topografiya
Topografiya yongeraho gufata ibintu hejuru y'amakuru y'imbibi n'urwego: inyubako, ibiziba, ibiti, inkingi z'amashanyarazi, imihanda, n'ibindi bintu byose biboneka. Ubu ni bwo bwoko bunoze cyane kandi butwara igihe kinini muri ubwo bwoko butatu, akenshi bugera kuri 85,500 FRw kuri hegitari.
Gupima si akazi ku murima gusa ku ijana ku ijana. Umunsi umwe wakoreshejwe ku murima ukunze kujyana n'amasaha y'inyongera mu biro yo gusesengura amakuru no gutegura igishushanyo, kandi uwo mukoro w'isesengura rikurikira usanzwe uri mu giciro cyose kivugwa haruguru. Icyitonderwa ku mikorere y'aho ari mu murima, akazi ko gupima ubutaka bwafunguwe
Ibiciro byo Gupima Umurongo: Imiyoboro, Imihanda n'Imirongo y'Amashanyarazi
Si buri gipimo gishingiye ku buso. Imirongo y'imiyoboro, imihanda, n'imishinga ya Umurongo w'Amashanyarazi bipimwa nk'ibice by'umurongo, akenshi hafite Uburenganzira bwo Kunyura (ROW) bugera kuri metero 50 z'ubugari. Umupima agomba kugenda muri ubwo bugari inshuro nyinshi ku burebure bwose, kandi kilometero imwe y'umurongo ihwanye n'akazi ko gupima kangana na hegitari eshanu.
| Ubwoko bw'Ipimwa | Ubugari bwa ROW | Igiciro |
|---|---|---|
| Gupima Umurongo (umuyoboro, umuhanda, umurongo w'amashanyarazi) | Kugeza kuri m 50 | 171,000 FRw / km (170.93 FRw kuri metero) |
Gupima imbibi bikeneye gusa ahantu ho ku nkombe, bityo itsinda rya DGPS rishobora gupima hafi hegitari 50 ku munsi. Gupima imisozi bikeneye umurongo w'imbere, bigatuma ubushobozi bwa buri munsi bugabanuka bugera kuri hegitari 20. Gupima topografiya byongeraho gufata ibintu kugeza ku dutuntu 100 kuri hegitari, bigatuma ubushobozi bwa buri munsi bugabanuka bugera kuri hegitari 10.
Icyifuzo cya Total Station ku murongo w'amaso bisobanura gushyiraho sitasiyo nyinshi ku butaka bumwe, kandi buri sitasiyo ifata igihe cyo kuringaniza no gupima neza. Ku butaka bufunguwe, budafite inzitizi, ikora neza, akenshi hegitari 30 ku munsi ku gupima imbibi, ariko isigara inyuma ya DGPS uko inzitizi zikura.
Ihuriro ry'ibigoye kugeraho, ubutaka bw'imisozi cyangwa buri kure, imigezi cyangwa amazi anyura ku kibanza, ubwinshi bwa hejuru bw'ibintu ukiriya asaba, n'ikirere gikabije byose byongeraho igihe cy'akazi ku murima hejuru y'igiciro gisanzwe. Ibi bintu birahera ku kibanza, ni yo mpamvu buri giciro kigomba gushingira ku kiganiro nyakuri ku butaka, atari umubare fatizo ufatwa ku meza.
Igihe ubuso burenze hegitari 200, cyangwa igihe ubutaka buri kure cyane ku buryo kugenda ku buri hantu bidashoboka, gupima hakoreshejwe drone biba uburyo bunoze cyane. Itsinda rya DGPS cyangwa Total Station rishobora gupima hafi hegitari 500 ku munsi rikoresheje drone.
Kubera Iki Kugera ku Murima Bikigena Umubare wa Nyuma
Buri giciro cyavuzwe haruguru gitekereza ku mimerere isanzwe: ubutaka bugerwaho, ikirere kiringaniye, n'ahantu hari mu ntera isanzwe y'urugendo y'itsinda ry'ipimwa. Imishinga nyayo ntikunze kuguma ku murongo nk'uwo. Itsinda rikorera ku murima rikora ipimwa ry'umurongo w'umuyoboro rinyura mu bice by'amazi n'inkombe zidahamye rizakenera igihe kirenze kuri intera imwe y'umurongo ku butaka bworoshye bufunguwe.
Aha ni naho akazi ko kwaka ubutaka gakubiyemo umuvuduko wako. Igihe ipimwa rikorera ubwo kwaka ubutaka bwa Leta, ukuri kugomba kugaragazwa neza, kubera ko igisubizo kigena mu buryo butaziguye indishyi umwenerwa azabona.
Ntumuzi neza ubwoko bw'ipimwa ubutaka bwawe bukeneye koko?
Ipimwa ry'imbibi, iry'imisozi, n'iry'topografiya bikemura ibibazo bitandukanye kandi bifite ibiciro bitandukanye ku mpamvu runaka.
Reba Ibisohoka mu Gupima TopografiyaBara Igiciro cy'Igipimo cyawe Wagereranyije
Igikoresho cyo kubara kiri hepfo gikoresha ibiciro bisanzwe by'ipimwa ry'imbibi (ubuso) biva ku meza haruguru. Gitanga gusa igereranyo ryo gutangira, umubare wa nyuma w'ubutaka bwawe biterwa n'imiterere y'ubutaka, ukugerwaho, n'ubwinshi bw'ibintu.
🔢 Igikoresho cyo Kubara Igiciro cyo Gupima Ubuso bw'Ubutaka Bwafunguwe
Ibiciro: 34,200 FRw/Ha (kugeza 10 Ha) · 25,650 FRw/Ha (10 kugeza 20 Ha) · 17,100 FRw/Ha (20 kugeza 50 Ha) · 13,650 FRw/Ha (50 kugeza 100 Ha) · 8,550 FRw/Ha (hejuru ya 100 Ha). Ubuso buri munsi ya 1 Ha bugenerwa amafaranga ntarengwa y'ubusuzumire y'ahantu angana na 171,000 FRw. Hejuru ya hegitari 200, gupima hakoreshejwe drone akenshi birasabwa.
Ku mishinga aho ubutaka bufite imigezi, ahantu amazi anyura, cyangwa ibice bidashobora kunyurwamo mu buryo butaziguye, ubushobozi nyabwo bwa buri munsi bugabanuka cyane munsi y'imibare isanzwe ya DGPS. Kubimenyesha umupima wawe mbere y'uko asura ahantu, atari nyuma, bifasha kwirinda kutajyana hagati y'igereranyo cya mbere n'ifatura rya nyuma.
Reba: Gupima DGPS na Total Station ku Murima
Ibiri mu Bisohoka mu Gupima Bisanzwe
Ibisohoka mu gupima ubutaka busanzwe ni igishushanyo cyoroshye, gikora, atari igishushanyo cy'ubwubatsi cyoroshye. Kigaragaza ahantu hapimwe, gahunda y'ubuso bwapimwe, ubuso bwabazwe, n'imisozi cyangwa ibintu byose byari mu bikorwa.
Kwaka Ubutaka: Aho Ukuri Gufite Uburemere Nyakuri bw'Imari
Igice kinini cy'akazi ko gupima ubuso mu Rwanda gikorwa mu rwego rwo gushyigikira kwaka ubutaka, aho inzego za Leta zikeneye amakuru y'ubuso agaragara neza mbere yo gutanga indishyi zihagije ku benegihugu bafite ubutaka. Muri iyo mishinga, ibisohoka mu gupima si igishushanyo cy'ibisobanuro gusa, biba shingiro ry'icyemezo cy'amategeko n'iry'imari.
Kubona Umubare Ushobora Kwiringira Koko
Ibiciro biri muri iyi ngingo bigaragaza imimerere isanzwe ku butaka bwafunguwe bugerwaho neza. Igihe imiterere y'ubutaka, ukugerwaho, ikirere, cyangwa ubwinshi bw'ahantu bitandukanijwe n'ibisanzwe, umubare uhinduka nabyo, kandi ni yo mpamvu igiciro cyiza cyo gupima kiba ikiganiro, atari gushakisha ku meza y'ibiciro. Amatsinda akorera ku murima ya Trishunya akora buri munsi ipimwa rya kadasitarale, iry'imisozi, n'iry'topografiya rishingiye kuri DGPS na Total Station, kandi uburyo bwihuse bwo kubona umubare nyawo w'ikibanza runaka ni ugusuzuma ibisobanuro by'ahantu directement n'umupima.
Yaba icyifuzo ari ipimwa ry'imbibi ryoroshye ku kibanza kimwe cyangwa inzira y'umurongo w'ibirometero byinshi ku muyoboro cyangwa umurongo w'amashanyarazi, uburyo bwa Trishunya bugumaho bumwe: banza wemeze imimerere nyayo y'ahantu, hanyuma utange igiciro ushingiye kuri byo aho kuba umubare rusange kuri hegitari.