Mtengo Woyeza Malo: Kodi Mitengo ya DGPS ndi Total Station Ndi Chiyani Zenizeni
Mlimi amene akufuna malire a munda wake azindikiridwe, ndi bungwe la boma limene likutenga mahekitala 40 kuti amange ngalande, onse mwaukadaulo akufuna chinthu chimodzi: kuyeza malo otseguka. Koma mtengo womwe apatsidwa umatha kusiyana kwambiri, kufika ka khumi, ndipo kusiyana kwakukuluko sikuli chifukwa cha kukambirana.
Apa ndipo chisokonezo chachikulu chimayambira. Mitengo yoyeza malo siyowonetseredwa poyera nthawi zambiri, choncho ogula amapeza nambala yopanda tanthauzo kapena kuganiza kuti kuyeza kulikonse kumagulitsidwa mofanana pa acre iliyonse. Ayi zonse ziwiri sizoona. Pansipa ndi momwe makampani ameneลตa amaikira mitengo ntchito ya malo otseguka.
Total Station ndi DGPS: Njira Ziwiri Zosiyana Zogwirira Ntchito
Zida zonse ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito ya kuyeza DGPS ndi RTK, koma zimathetsa vuto la kulondola mosiyana. Total Station imagwira ntchito potsatira mzere woonera. Chida ndi prism ziyenera kuonana, choncho nthawi iliyonse mtengo, khoma, kapena kupindika kwa malo zikuletsa mzerewo, wowerengetsa ayenera kusinthana malo.
DGPS imagwira ntchito mosiyana. Imawerenga malo kuchokera ku ma satellite ndipo imalankhula ndi malo oyambira kudzera pa wailesi, choncho sifuna mzere woonera kuchokera pamalo achiwiri, imangofuna kuona thambo lotseguka bwino. Ndicho chifukwa chake DGPS yakhala njira yofunika kwambiri pa malo otseguka, oyandikira m'zaka zapitazi.
Yabwino kwambiri pa malo aang'ono, opanda zotchinga pomwe malo aliwonse akuwoneka mwachindunji kuchokera kumalo ochepa okhazikika. Imafunikira kusinthana malo kambiri pa malo osafanana kapena okhala ndi zomera.
Njira yodziwika bwino pa malo otseguka, minda yaulimi, ndi ntchito ya malire ya cadastral. Sifuna mzere woonera, kufikira dera tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala kwachangu, ndi kulondola kokhazikika pa malo akuluakulu, opitiriza.
Kumalimbikitsidwa pamene dera lapyola mahekitala pafupifupi 200, kapena pamene malo ali kutali kwenikweni kapena sangathe kufikika ndi mapazi. Kuyeza ndi drone kumaphimba malo mofulumira kwambiri kuposa kuyeza kulikonse koyendetsedwa ndi mapazi.
Mitengo Yoyeza Malo Otseguka Malinga ndi Mtundu
Mtengo wa malo otseguka umaperekedwa m'njira ziwiri kutengera kukula. Madera ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri ochepera hekitala imodzi, amaperekedwa mtengo wathunthu chifukwa ndalama zoyendera ndi kuyendera malo za wowerengetsa ziyenera kubwezeredwa. Madera akulu amaperekedwa mtengo pa hekitala, mtengo ukuchepa pang'onopang'ono pamene dera likukula.
1. Kuyeza Malire kapena Cadastral
Uwu ndi mtundu woyambira wa kuyeza: kuyeza malire a munda kapena malo aulimi ndi kuwerengera dera lonse. Izi zimapanga mtengo wofunikira pa mitundu ina iwiri ya kuyeza pansipa.
| Gulu la Dera | Mtengo pa Hekitala |
|---|---|
| Mpaka 10 Ha | 40,350 MK / Ha |
| 10 Ha mpaka 20 Ha | 30,250 MK / Ha |
| 20 Ha mpaka 50 Ha | 20,150 MK / Ha |
| 50 Ha mpaka 100 Ha | 16,150 MK / Ha |
| Kupitirira 100 Ha | 10,100 MK / Ha |
Pa malo aang'ono kuposa hekitala imodzi, mtengo pa hekitala saigwiritsidwa ntchito. Owerengetsa nthawi zambiri amalipiritsa ndalama zochepera pafupifupi 201,500 MK pa kuyendera malo kulikonse, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe, ndalama zaulendo, ndi tsiku la ntchito, poganiza kuti malowa ali pafupifupi ma kilomita 50 kuchokera pamalo a wowerengetsa. Kupitirira mahekitala 200, kuyeza ndi drone nthawi zambiri ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri.
2. Kuyeza Mapiri kapena Level
Kuyeza mapiri kumajambula kutalika kudutsa munda wonse pa grid yokhazikitsidwa, osati m'ngodya za malire zokha, izi zikutanthauza kuti wowerengetsa ayenera kuyenda mwachindunji m'malo onse a mkati mwa malowo. Ntchito yowonjezera imeneyi imawonekera mumtengo: pafupifupi nthawi 1.5 mpaka 1.8 za mtengo wa kuyeza malire, kufikira pafupifupi 60,500 MK pa hekitala pansi pa mikhalidwe wamba.
3. Kuyeza Topography
Topography imawonjezera kujambula zinthu pamwamba pa deta ya malire ndi level: nyumba, zitsime, mitengo, mizati yamagetsi, misewu, ndi china chilichonse chowoneka pamalo. Iyi ndi njira yokwanira kwambiri komanso yotenga nthawi yaitali kwambiri mwa mitundu itatuyi, nthawi zambiri kufikira 101,000 MK pa hekitala.
Kuyeza si ntchito ya munda zonse. Tsiku limodzi lokhala pamalowo nthawi zambiri limatsatiridwa ndi maola owonjezera muofesi kukonza deta ndi kukonzekera chithunzicho, ndipo ntchito yokonza pambuyoyi yaphatikizidwa kale mumtengo uliwonse pamwambapa. Chidziwitso cha ntchito ya munda, ntchito zoyeza malo otseguka
Mitengo Yoyeza Mzere: Ngalande, Misewu ndi Mizere Yamagetsi
Kuyeza kulikonse sikutengera dera. Mizere ya ngalande, njira za msewu, ndi mapulojekiti a Mzere Wamagetsi amayezedwa ngati magawo ozungulira, nthawi zambiri ndi Ufulu Woyenda (ROW) mpaka mamita 50 m'lifupi. Pafupifupi kilomita imodzi yozungulira imafanana ndi mahekitala asanu a ntchito yofanana ya kuyeza.
| Mtundu wa Kuyeza | Kutalika kwa ROW | Mtengo |
|---|---|---|
| Kuyeza Mzere (ngalande, msewu, mzere wamagetsi) | Mpaka m 50 | 201,500 MK / km (201.5 MK pa mita) |
Kuyeza malire kumafuna malo a perimeter okha, choncho gulu la DGPS lingathe kuyeza pafupifupi mahekitala 50 patsiku. Kuyeza mapiri kumafuna grid yamkati, kutsitsa mphamvu ya tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka pafupifupi mahekitala 20. Kuyeza topography kumawonjezera kujambula zinthu mpaka pamalo 100 pa hekitala, kutsitsa mphamvu ya tsiku ndi tsiku kwambiri, mpaka pafupifupi mahekitala 10.
Chofunikira cha mzere woonera cha Total Station chikutanthauza malo ambiri okhazikika pa malo omwewo, ndipo malo aliwonse amatenga nthawi kuti alunjike ndi kuyeza bwino. Pa malo otseguka, opanda zotchinga, imagwirabe ntchito bwino, pafupifupi mahekitala 30 patsiku pa kuyeza malire, koma imatsalira mmbuyo kwa DGPS pamene zotchinga zikuwonjezeka.
Kufikira kovuta, malo amapiri kapena akutali, mitsinje kapena timadzi todutsa pamalowo, kuchuluka kwa mfundo za zinthu kumene kasitomala amafuna, ndi nyengo yoipa kwambiri zonse zimawonjezera nthawi ya munda kuposa mtengo wamba. Zinthu izi ndi zapadera ku malowo, ndicho chifukwa chake mtengo uliwonse uyenera kutengera kukambirana kweniweni za malowo, osati nambala yokhazikika yochokera patebulo.
Pamene dera lapyola mahekitala pafupifupi 200, kapena pamene malo ali kutali kwambiri moti kuyenda pamalo aliwonse sikungatheke, kuyeza ndi drone kumakhala njira yothandiza kwambiri. Gulu la DGPS kapena Total Station lingathe kuphimba pafupifupi mahekitala 500 patsiku ndi drone.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Kufikira Malo Kudakali Kufunika pa Nambala Yomaliza
Mtengo uliwonse pamwambapa umaganizira mikhalidwe yoyenerera: malo ofikika, nyengo yofanana, ndi malo omwe ali mkati mwa mtunda wachizolowezi wa gulu loyeza. Mapulojekiti enieni sakhala okonzeka choncho. Gulu la munda lomwe likuchita kuyeza mzere wa ngalande kudutsa m'malo a mitsinje ndi mphepete zosakhazikika lidzafuna nthawi yochulukirapo kuposa mtunda womwewo pa malo otseguka osalala.
Apa ndiponso pamene ntchito yotenga malo imawonjezera kupanikizika kwake. Pamene kuyeza kukugwira ntchito potenga malo a boma, kulondola kuyenera kukhala kotetezeka, chifukwa zotulukapo zimalunjikitsa mwachindunji chowonjezera chomwe mwini malo alandira.
Kodi simukudziwa mtundu wa kuyeza umene malo anu akufuna kwenikweni?
Kuyeza malire, mapiri, ndi topography kumathetsa mavuto osiyana ndipo kumakhala ndi mitengo yosiyana chifukwa cha zifukwa zenizeni.
Onani Zotulukapo za Kuyeza TopographyWerengani Mtengo Wayeserera wa Kuyeza Kwanu
Chowerengera pansipa chimagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yamba yoyeza malire (dera) yochokera patebulo pamwambapa. Chimangopereka chiyerekezo choyambira, nambala yomaliza ya malo anu imatengera malo, kufikira, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu.
๐ข Chowerengera Mtengo Woyeza Dera la Malo Otseguka
Mitengo: 40,350 MK/Ha (mpaka 10 Ha) ยท 30,250 MK/Ha (10 mpaka 20 Ha) ยท 20,150 MK/Ha (20 mpaka 50 Ha) ยท 16,150 MK/Ha (50 mpaka 100 Ha) ยท 10,100 MK/Ha (kupitirira 100 Ha). Madera ochepera 1 Ha amalipiridwa ndalama zochepera zokwana 201,500 MK. Kupitirira mahekitala 200, kuyeza ndi drone nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsidwa.
Pa mapulojekiti pomwe malo amaphatikizapo mitsinje, timadzi todutsa, kapena madera osayenda mwachindunji, kufikira kwenikweni tsiku ndi tsiku kumatsika kwambiri pansi pa manambala amba a mphamvu ya DGPS. Kuuza wowerengetsa wanu izi asanapite kumeneko, osati pambuyo pake, kumathandiza kupewa kusagwirizana pakati pa chiyerekezo choyambirira ndi biluyeniyo yomaliza.
Onani: Kuyeza DGPS ndi Total Station Kumunda
Zomwe Zili mu Zotulukapo za Kuyeza Wamba
Zotulukapo za kuyeza malo wamba ndi chithunzi choyambira, chogwira ntchito, osati chithunzi chomangira nyumba. Zimasonyeza malo oyezedwa, dongosolo la dera lophimbidwa, dera lowerengedwa, ndi mapiri kapena zinthu zilizonse zomwe zinali mkati mwa ntchitoyo.
Kutenga Malo: Kumene Kulondola Kuli ndi Kulemera Kwenikweni kwa Ndalama
Gawo lalikulu la ntchito yoyeza dera ku Malawi limakhalapo kuti lithandize kutenga malo, komwe mabungwe a boma amafuna deta ya dera yodalirika asanalipire mowona mtima anthu okhala ndi malo. M'mapulojekiti amenewa, zotulukapo za kuyeza si chithunzi cha kunena chabe, zimakhala maziko a chisankho chalamulo ndi ndalama.
Kupeza Nambala Yomwe Mungayidalire Kwenikweni
Mitengo mu nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa mikhalidwe yamba pa malo otseguka ofikika mozengereza. Pamene malo, kufikira, nyengo, kapena kuchuluka kwa mfundo zikupatuka ku yamba, nambalayo imasinthanso, ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake mtengo woyenera wa kuyeza ndi kukambirana, osati kufufuza patebulo. Magulu a munda a Trishunya amagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kuyeza kwa cadastral, mapiri, ndi topography kotengera DGPS ndi Total Station, ndipo njira yofulumira kwambiri yopeza nambala yolondola ya munda enieni ndikukambirana zambiri za malowo mwachindunji ndi wowerengetsa.
Ngakhale chofunikira n'kuyeza malire kophweka pa munda umodzi kapena njira yozungulira ya makilomita ambiri ya ngalande kapena mzere wamagetsi, njira ya Trishunya imakhalabe yofanana: tsimikizani mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya malowo poyamba, kenaka perekani mtengo kutengera zimenezo osati nambala wamba pa hekitala.